Ladder
construction of ladder :-
General :-
1.The desigen of ladder shall to IS 3696 part 2 make shift
ladders shall not be permitted.
2. Metal ladder shall be either of steel complying with IS 1977:1975 or of aluminium alloy compying with suitable grade of IS 617:1975.
3.All ladder shall be designed to carry their intended load safety
4.Side rails stiles of metal ladders shall be sufficient cross-section to prevent excessive deflection iin use.
5.Slip resistant shoes,lashing or leather pr other effective means shall be used to avoid danger of slipping.
1 stock ladder :-
. picture of chapter :work at height stock ladder
1.overall length of stock ladder shall be not exceed 10 m.
2. The Width between side rails ate the base shall in no case be then 290 mm for ladder up to 3 mtr in length.in the case of metal ladders,metal rungs shall be made of solid round steel roads or pipe and securely fastened to the side rails by riveting bolting or welding.
2. Step ladder :-
1.The over all height of step ladder shall not exceed 6 m.
2.ladder shall be provided with an automatic locking device or spreader to hold it in an open position.
3.The minimum Width between side rails at step, inside to inside shall be not less then 300 mm with a spread of 25 mm for each 300 mm of length of spread ladder .
3.Extension ladder:-
1.The over all length of the extension ladder shall not exceed 18 m.
2.The sliding section not exceed two in number.
3.lock and guides shall be of such design and construction as to make the extension ladder equal length constructed of continuous side rails.
4.When using an extension the over lap of Any twi section should be as follow:-
4. Trestle Ladder : -
1.Trestle ladder shall not be exceed 6 m on length.
2.The section shall be so hinged at the top that ladder is spread,They form equal angles with the base.
3.The rungs shall not be less then 30 mm in diameter shall be spaced not more then 450 mm apart center to center.
4.The minimum distance between side rails of trestle ladder shall be not less then 300 mm
5.A locking device or spreader shall be provided to hold the front amd back section securely in an open position.
5. Bullt up ladder (Fixed Ladder ) :-
1.All surface of the ladder shall be planed,free of splinters and edge of hand rails used shall be beveled.
2.Rung spacing shall be uniform ant not over 300 mm on centerss,Rungs shall be recessed at least 12 mm into rails/stiles.
3.when height exceed 9 m,landing platform to be provided.
4.Other dimension of the ufixed ladder shall be conform to the details shown in the above Sketch.
5.Top and bottom of built-up ladder shall be securely fastened to the structure.
6.Inspection of ladder :-
1.Before use all ladder shall be tasted or load test.They shall have not only adequate strength but rigidity as well.
2.Metal ladder shall be inspected at least ones in three and all parts checked for wear.
3. All ladder shall be carefully inspected,if incidentally dropped or otherwise damaged in use.
7.Usage of ladder :-
1.Ladder to leading to landing,walkways or working platform shall extend at least one meter above the landing and shall be r secured at the upper and as shown in the above sketch.
2.Ladder shall be placed in a firm,level ground.It shall be provided wit slip resistant feet or someone shall hold the ladder so that it does not slip.as a further precaution,The ladder shall be placed at a slope as shown in the sketch below.
3.If the use of ladder is essential during strong winds,it shall be securely secured in position.
4.No ladder shall be placed against window panes,sashes or such other unsafe or yielding not placed in front of doors opening towards it.
5.When ascending or Descending the use shall face the ladder,use both his hands and place his feet the ends of the rungs rather than near the middle.
6.The user shall always maintain Three points contact as shown in the above sketch.
7.No ladder having a missing or one which depends for its support solely on nails,shall be used.defective ladder shall be promptly and properly repaired or replaced.
8.Hand tools and object shall not be carried in hands while climbing up or down.waist-bag shall be used for this purpose.
9.Ladder made of metal/conductive materials shall not be used in the vicinity of overhead electrical lines.
10.Ladder shall not be used as guys,braces or skids or for any other purpose for witch they are not intended.They shall not be used in horizontal position as runways or crossover.
11.Ladder shall not be spliced to increase the height.
12.Use of item such as a chair,barrel or box as a makeshift ladder shall no be permitted.
construction of ladder :-
General :-
1.The desigen of ladder shall to IS 3696 part 2 make shift
ladders shall not be permitted.
2. Metal ladder shall be either of steel complying with IS 1977:1975 or of aluminium alloy compying with suitable grade of IS 617:1975.
3.All ladder shall be designed to carry their intended load safety
4.Side rails stiles of metal ladders shall be sufficient cross-section to prevent excessive deflection iin use.
5.Slip resistant shoes,lashing or leather pr other effective means shall be used to avoid danger of slipping.
1 stock ladder :-
1.overall length of stock ladder shall be not exceed 10 m.
2. The Width between side rails ate the base shall in no case be then 290 mm for ladder up to 3 mtr in length.in the case of metal ladders,metal rungs shall be made of solid round steel roads or pipe and securely fastened to the side rails by riveting bolting or welding.
2. Step ladder :-
1.The over all height of step ladder shall not exceed 6 m.
2.ladder shall be provided with an automatic locking device or spreader to hold it in an open position.
3.The minimum Width between side rails at step, inside to inside shall be not less then 300 mm with a spread of 25 mm for each 300 mm of length of spread ladder .
2.The sliding section not exceed two in number.
3.lock and guides shall be of such design and construction as to make the extension ladder equal length constructed of continuous side rails.
4.When using an extension the over lap of Any twi section should be as follow:-
- 5 m -6 m -1/2 rungs
4. Trestle Ladder : -
2.The section shall be so hinged at the top that ladder is spread,They form equal angles with the base.
3.The rungs shall not be less then 30 mm in diameter shall be spaced not more then 450 mm apart center to center.
4.The minimum distance between side rails of trestle ladder shall be not less then 300 mm
5.A locking device or spreader shall be provided to hold the front amd back section securely in an open position.
5. Bullt up ladder (Fixed Ladder ) :-
2.Rung spacing shall be uniform ant not over 300 mm on centerss,Rungs shall be recessed at least 12 mm into rails/stiles.
3.when height exceed 9 m,landing platform to be provided.
4.Other dimension of the ufixed ladder shall be conform to the details shown in the above Sketch.
5.Top and bottom of built-up ladder shall be securely fastened to the structure.
6.Inspection of ladder :-
1.Before use all ladder shall be tasted or load test.They shall have not only adequate strength but rigidity as well.
2.Metal ladder shall be inspected at least ones in three and all parts checked for wear.
3. All ladder shall be carefully inspected,if incidentally dropped or otherwise damaged in use.
7.Usage of ladder :-
1.Ladder to leading to landing,walkways or working platform shall extend at least one meter above the landing and shall be r secured at the upper and as shown in the above sketch.
2.Ladder shall be placed in a firm,level ground.It shall be provided wit slip resistant feet or someone shall hold the ladder so that it does not slip.as a further precaution,The ladder shall be placed at a slope as shown in the sketch below.
3.If the use of ladder is essential during strong winds,it shall be securely secured in position.
4.No ladder shall be placed against window panes,sashes or such other unsafe or yielding not placed in front of doors opening towards it.
5.When ascending or Descending the use shall face the ladder,use both his hands and place his feet the ends of the rungs rather than near the middle.
6.The user shall always maintain Three points contact as shown in the above sketch.
7.No ladder having a missing or one which depends for its support solely on nails,shall be used.defective ladder shall be promptly and properly repaired or replaced.
8.Hand tools and object shall not be carried in hands while climbing up or down.waist-bag shall be used for this purpose.
9.Ladder made of metal/conductive materials shall not be used in the vicinity of overhead electrical lines.
10.Ladder shall not be used as guys,braces or skids or for any other purpose for witch they are not intended.They shall not be used in horizontal position as runways or crossover.
11.Ladder shall not be spliced to increase the height.
12.Use of item such as a chair,barrel or box as a makeshift ladder shall no be permitted.
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